Daniloff Nicholas

Nicholas Daniloff est un journaliste américain né le 30 décembre 1934 à Paris et mort le 17 octobre 2024 à Cambridge (Massachusetts). Diplômé de l’université Harvard, il a joué un rôle de premier plan dans les années 1980 par ses reportages sur l’Union soviétique. 

Etudes et Journalisme

Daniloff est né à Paris, fils d'une mère américaine et d'un père russe. Son grand-père, le général Yuri Danilov, était chef des opérations du quartier général de l'armée impériale russe pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. Il a grandi aux États-Unis, en France et en Argentine, avant de déménager aux États-Unis pour étudier à l'université de Harvard. Il a travaillé pour United Press International au Royaume-Uni, en Suisse et en Union soviétique, de 1959 à 1980, date à laquelle il a rejoint le U.S. News & World Report.

Détention et crise diplomatique

Correspondant à Moscou pour le journal U.S. News & World Report, Daniloff a attiré l'attention internationale le 2 septembre 1986, après avoir été arrêté à Moscou par le KGB et accusé d'espionnage. Le 7 septembre 1986, Daniloff a été informé d'une inculpation et son procès a été prévu à 14 heures à la prison de Lefortovo à Moscou. Aucune autre information n'était connue à l'époque sur ce qui s'est passé pendant le procès. L'administration Reagan a soutenu que les Soviétiques avaient arrêté Daniloff sans motif, en représailles à l'arrestation trois jours plus tôt de Gennadi Zakharov, un employé de la mission soviétique auprès de l'ONU. Les Soviétiques ont d'abord soutenu que Daniloff avait des documents gouvernementaux confidentiels sur lui lors de son arrestation.

Après d'intenses discussions entre les gouvernements, le 23 septembre, Daniloff fut autorisé à quitter l'Union soviétique sans inculpation, Zakharov fut autorisé à quitter les États-Unis après avoir plaidé non recevable, et le dissident soviétique Youri Orlov fut libéré vers l'Ouest. La crise diplomatique ne s'arrêta cependant pas là. Les expulsions de diplomates et d'espions présumés s'intensifièrent au point qu'à la fin du mois d'octobre 1986, 100 Soviétiques, dont 80 autres agents de renseignement soviétiques présumés, furent expulsés par les États-Unis. Les Soviétiques expulsèrent dix diplomates américains et retirèrent les 260 membres du personnel de soutien russe travaillant pour l'ambassade américaine à Moscou.

Vie ultérieure

Daniloff a affirmé plus tard dans son autobiographie, Two Lives, One Russia, qu'il n'avait jamais détenu de documents classifiés et que le KGB avait créé de fausses informations. Daniloff est devenu professeur à l'école de journalisme de l'université Northeastern et en 1992, il a été nommé directeur de l'école. Il a également été l'un des co-auteurs du livre The Oath, une biographie de Khassan Baiev. Daniloff a publié un autre mémoire en 2008.

Vie privée et décès

Daniloff a été marié à Ruth Dunn de 1961 jusqu'à sa mort en janvier 2024 ; ils ont eu deux enfants. Daniloff est décédé neuf mois plus tard, dans une maison de retraite à Cambridge, Massachusetts, le 17 octobre 2024. Il avait 89 ans.

Article Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Daniloff

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